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Winemaking is based on alcoholic fermentation which induces the transformation of grape sugar into ethanol, mainly under the action of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The risk of contamination by Brettanomyces during the winemaking process is an economic threat for producers.

D-dimers (DDi) arise from the degradation of fibrin by plasmin. Precise measurement of their levels is essential for managing the risk of venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients or in monitoring disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Thrombophilia is a predisposition — congenital or acquired — to form blood clots, which carries a risk of thrombosis.